Rhetorik-in-der-Neuen-Komoedie [aus: RhM N.F. 133 (1990), 298-310]
Rhetorik in der Neuen Komödie
von: Michael P. Schmude
[Die vollständige Fassung des hier nur angerissenen Artikels findet sich unter obenstehendem (grünen) Link → auf der ‚Innenseite‘ …]
Die pädagogische Grundsatzrede, mit welcher Micio zu Beginn von Terenz‘ Adelphen die Bühne betritt, ist in zweierlei Hinsicht bemerkenswert: inhaltlich bietet sie Überlegungen zu Fragen der Erziehung im Besonderen, der Lebensführung im Allgemeinen, die für die Geisteswelt der römischen Komödie unüblich sind; aber auch im Formalen stellt sie eine für diesen Dichter eher singuläre Erscheinung dar: denn wenn wir eine differenziertere Haltung zu Grundproblemen des Komödienlebens auch in den übrigen Stücken des Terenz allenthalben beobachten können, so entspricht der lange, geschlossene und – wie gezeigt werden soll – nach Regeln der téchnē rhētorikḗ gestaltete Auftrittsmonolog kaum der sonst zu beobachtenden Vorgehensweise des Autors.
Wohl ist Terenz die Bildung formal wie inhaltlich geschlossener Redeeinheiten durchaus nicht fremd, doch bezeugt Donat bereits für die Andria (zu v. 14), dass aus dem Eingangsmonolog der menandrischen Vorlage durch Hinzufügen einer weiteren Person ein Dialog wurde, und dem entspricht der Befund in den übrigen Stücken: die Handlungsgrundlagen werden jeweils in Form eines Zwiegesprächs gegeben, meist freilich mit deutlichem Übergewicht auf selten des Erzählers.
Anders in den Adelphoe: hier legt die Rede […] Unter rhetorischem Aspekt rückt die Tatsache, dass auch die Gegenseite zu Wort kommt (mit dem Publikum als ‚Richterkollegium‘), diese Passage dem genus iudiciale näher als dem genus demonstrativum oder (trotz starker adhortativer Elemente) dem genus deliberativum.
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